Social sphere of society. Social science presentation on the topic "social sphere of society" Social sphere of society presentation

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SOCIAL SPHERE The main questions of the Unified State Examination

Codifier Questions social relations social stratification and mobility Social groups Youth as a social group Ethnic communities Interethnic relations, ethno-social conflicts, ways to resolve them Constitutional principles (foundations) of national policy in the Russian Federation Social conflict Types social norms Freedom and responsibility Deviant behavior and its types Social role Socialization of the individual Family and marriage

Sociology is the science of society The term was introduced by Auguste Comte (1798-1857), a French philosopher. The concept of "sociology" is derived from two words: the Latin soci (etas) - society and the Greek logos - a word, a doctrine. Hence sociology is the science of society by Auguste Comte (1798-1857)

Basic concepts Social groups Differentiation Stratification Social institution and their types Social mobility and its types Social descent Social rise Marginals Lumpens Social lifts Social status Social role Socialization Social control Social norms Deviant behavior Social interaction Cooperation Rivalry Social conflict (stages) Ethnos Nation Interethnic relations Interethnic conflicts National politics demographics family social institution Family Functions

The social structure of society is the structure of society as a whole, the system of connections between the main elements. Individual Social groups (communities) Social institution A real-life set of people characterized by common features A specific public education created to meet the most important needs of human society. Individual (Greek "atom" - indivisible) - the term characterizes a person as one of the people

Types of social institutions Economic (needs for material wealth) Political (state, parties, law, movements) Family institution (marriage, kinship, etc.) Cultural (science, education, culture, religion)

Theory of stratification Pitirim Sorokin - American sociologist Differentiation - the division of society into groups characterized by different characteristics. There is no subordination between them. Stratification - a set of social strata arranged in a hierarchical order = distribution of social groups Inequality scale

Criteria for stratification - income - power - education - prestige

Types of stratification Economic is expressed in the difference in income, standard of living, in the existence of rich, middle and poor sections of the population Professional involves the separation of various groups in society according to the nature of their activities and occupations Political involves the division of society into managers and managed, political leaders and the mass

Social mobility is the movement of people from one social group to another Horizontal transition of a person to a group located on the same level as the previous one. Vertical movement from one level of the hierarchy (ladder) to another. It is possible to make both social ascent and descent – ​​downward and upward mobility individual group

The way people move from one group to another is called the "social lift". Army School Church Canals social mobility

Marginals (marginalis - located on the edge, on the border) are social groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities. Lumpens (German lumpen - rags) are people who have sunk to the bottom of society.

The social status of a person Social status is the position of a person in society, occupied by him as a representative of a certain social group and including a certain set of rights and obligations. Social status depends on: - age, - sex, - origin, - profession, - marital status.

The social status of the individual the prescribed status the achieved status does not depend on the individual, it is given from birth (sex, race, age) it is provided by the family depends on the individual, what a person becomes (education, profession) is acquired

Prestige and authority The assessment by society or a social group of the social significance of certain positions occupied by people is associated with the social status of a prestigious profession, the type of activity indicates the degree of recognition of personal or business qualities a person by a society or a group of people is associated with personal status, a certain, specific person can be authoritative

The social role of a person A social role is the expectation and prescription of behavior corresponding to a given status. The set of roles performed by a person is called a role set. And the set of statuses is a status set

Socialization and adaptation The process of assimilation by an individual of patterns of behavior, social roles, norms and spiritual values

Socialization and adaptation Social adaptation is the process of adapting a person to a changing social environment with the help of various social means.

Socialization and its levels 1 2 Primary - occurs in small groups: family, peers, teachers Secondary - occurs at the level of large social groups: institutions, army, state Primary agents of socialization Secondary agents of socialization Agents - people responsible for the transfer of cultural experience

Social control - the mechanism of relations between the individual and society Social norms - rules generally accepted in society that regulate people's behavior Sanctions - encouragement or punishment aimed at maintaining social norms Formal and informal Formal and informal positive negative legal Customs, traditions religious moral political aesthetic ethical

Deviant (deviant) behavior Deviant (deviant) behavior is behavior that is not consistent with the norms, does not correspond to what society expects from a person. The most dangerous manifestations of deviant behavior: - crime, - alcoholism, - drug addiction. positive negative

Forms social interaction Cooperation - participation in a common cause Stages of conflict Social conflict - special interaction (confrontation) of individuals and groups when their views, positions, interests collide Rivalry - intersection and mismatch of interests Conflict resolution methods Pre-conflict Conflict Post-conflict Method of conflict avoidance Negotiation method Mediation method

Ethnic communities Ethnicity is a historically formed set of people in a certain territory who have a common culture, language and are aware of their unity Nation is an ethnic community that takes shape during the formation of capitalist relations: 1) a national market is formed; 2) a single economic organism is being formed - the national economy, this unites various peoples 3) into a single whole - the nation.

Interethnic relations and national policy Integration - cooperation of nations, rapprochement of various aspects of the life of peoples Differentiation - the desire of peoples for national independence Ethnic conflict is any competition (rivalry) from confrontation to social competition Causes of conflicts: Territorial (separatism) Economic Social Cultural and linguistic (nationalism , xenophobia, chauvinism, discrimination) discrimination

Family as a social institution small group is an association of people connected by common life, mutual assistance and mutual responsibility. Relationships can be based on marriage and consanguinity.

Typology of families Traditional (patriarchal) Family of partnership type Simple nuclear Monogamous (2 spouses) Polygamous (more than 2 spouses) Polygyny (1 m + several women) Polyandry (1 f + several men)

Functions of families Reproductive - reproduction of the population Educational - socialization of the younger generation Household - support for physical health, care for children and elderly parents Economic - receiving material resources of some family members for others The sphere of primary social control is the regulation of the behavior of family members The function of spiritual communication Social status - the presentation of a certain social status to family members Leisure - the organization of rational leisure

Sociology - the science of society by Auguste Comte
(1798-1857)
Term coined by Auguste
Comte (1798-1857)
French philosopher.
The concept of "sociology"
is a derivative of two
words: Latin soci (etas) -
society and Greek logos -
word, doctrine. Consequently
sociology - the science of society

Basic concepts

Social groups
Differentiation
Stratification
Social institution and their types
Social mobility its types
social descent
Social uplift
Outcasts
Lumpens
Social elevators
social status
social role
Socialization
social control
social norms
Deviant behavior
social interaction
Cooperation
Rivalry
Social conflict (stages)
Ethnos
Nation
Interethnic conflicts
National politics
Demography
Family as a social institution
Family Functions

Social groups

Large:
classes,
estates
castes
Small:
family,
classroom,
circle of friends

ethnic communities

Ethnos - historically formed in a certain territory
a group of people who share a common culture, language
and aware of their unity
Genus
Tribe
People
ness
Nation
A nation is an ethnic community that develops during the period
formation of capitalist relations: 1) formed
national market; 2) a single economic
organism is the national economy, it unites various
peoples 3) into a single whole - a nation.

Stratification theory Pitirim Sorokin - American sociologist

Differentiation -
division of society into groups
characterized
various signs.
Subordination between them
no.
Stratification-
set located in
hierarchical order
social strata =
distribution of social
stratum
groups
stratum
Strata -
stratum layer
Strat - people
occupying
same positions
on the inequality scale

Stratification Criteria

- power
- education
-income
- prestige

Types of stratification

Economic
expressed in the difference
income, standard of living,
the existence of the rich
middle and poor
population
Political
involves division
companies on managers
and managed,
political leaders and
mass
professional
involves the allocation of
society of different groups
according to the nature of their activity and
classes

Social mobility is the movement of people from one social group to another

vertical
Horizontal
the transition of a person to a group,
located on the same
level as before.
moving from one
hierarchy steps
(stairs) to another.
It is possible to do as
social uplift and
descent - descending and
upward mobility
individual
group

The way people move from one group to another is called the "social elevator".

The way people move from one
group to another got a name
"social lift".
Army
School
Church
Channels of social mobility

Marginals (marginalis - located on the edge, on the border) are social groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities

Marginals (marginalis - located on
edge, on the border) are social groups,
occupying an intermediate position between
stable communities.
Lumpens
(German lumpen rags) - people
sinking to the bottom
society.

The social status of the individual

Social status is the position of a person in
society, occupied by him as a representative
certain social group and including
certain set of rights and obligations.
Social status depends on:
- age,
- floor,
- origin,
- professions,
- marital status.

The social status of the individual

prescribed
status
does not depend on
personality, it is given from
birth (sex,
racial
affiliation,
age)
provides it
family
achieved
status
depends on
personality, who
a person becomes
(education,
profession)
acquired

Social roles

The whole world is theater.
There are women, men - all actors.
They have exits, exits.
And each one plays a role.
Seven actions in the play toy.
Baby, schoolboy, youth, lover,
Soldier, judge, old man.
W. Shakespeare

Socialization and adaptation

The process of assimilation by an individual
patterns of behavior, social
roles, norms and spiritual values

Social control is the mechanism of relations between the individual and society

Social norms -
generally accepted in society
rules governing
people's behavior
customs,
traditions
aesthetic
legal
political
moral
religious
ethical
Sanctions - encouragement or
punishment aimed at
maintaining social
norms
positive
negative
Formal and
informal
Formal and
informal

Deviant (deviant) behavior

Deviant (deviant) behavior -
is behavior that is inconsistent with
norms, does not correspond to what is expected
from human society.
positive
negative
The most dangerous manifestations of a deviant
behaviors:
- crime,
- alcoholism,
- addiction.

Family as a social institution

The family as a social institution is a system of connections and
interactions of individuals performing functions
reproduction of the human race and socialization
personalities
The family as a small group is an association of people,
connected by a common life, mutual assistance and mutual
responsibility. Relationships can be based on marriage
and blood relationship.

Functions of families

1. Reproductive - population reproduction
2. Educational - socialization of the younger generation
3. Household - support for physical
health, care for children and elderly parents
4. Economic - obtaining material resources alone
family members for others
5. The scope of primary social control -
regulating the behavior of family members
6. The function of spiritual communication
7. Social status - representation of a certain
social status of family members
8. Leisure - organization of rational leisure

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SOCIAL SPHERE OF SOCIETY LIFE

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Stratification Criteria

Power

Education

Prestige

Lifestyle

A stratum is a "layer", a group of people that occupies
certain position in society

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SOCIAL INEQUALITY

SOCIAL INEQUALITY

SEPARATE SOCIAL GROUPS HAVE UNEQUAL ACCESS TO SUCH SOCIAL BENEFITS AS MONEY, POWER, PRESTIGE

CAUSE?

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ACCORDING TO ONE OF THE THEORIES, SOCIAL INEQUALITY IS A NATURAL INEQUALITY THAT ALLOWS THE MOST ABLE TO GO UP

CONFLICT THEORY CONSIDERS THAT INEQUALITY GENERATES PRIVATE PROPERTY. A class struggle begins between the economically ruling class and the working class

OTHER RESEARCHERS BELIEVE THAT ATTITUDE TO PROPERTY IS NOT THE ONLY CRITERIA FOR SOCIAL GROUPS. AMONG THE CRITERIA - PROFESSION, INCOME, EDUCATION, LIFESTYLE...

THEORIES OF THE APPEARANCE OF SOCIAL INEQUALITY

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CLASS STRUGGLE

CLASS STRUGGLE

CONFLICT THEORY CONSIDERS CLASS STRUGGLE AS THE MAIN DRIVING FORCE OF HISTORY

OPPOSITORS OF THIS THEORY PAY ATTENTION TO THE DESTRUCTION AND DISASTERS THAT ACCOMPANY REVOLUTIONS

YOUR POINT OF VIEW: ?

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SOCIAL CHANGES IN SOVIET SOCIETY

A PERSON CAN TRANSITION FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUPS TO ANOTHER. BUT SUCH POSSIBILITY DRAFTLY INCREASES DURING REVOLUTIONS AND OTHER SHOCKS. WHOLE SOCIAL GROUPS CAN BE SHUT UP.

REVOLUTION OF 1917

WHOLE ESTATES AND GROUPS DISAPPEARED (NOBILITY, clergy, bourgeoisie)
THE INCREASE OF THE WORKING CLASS AND THE REDUCTION OF THE PEASANTRY. THE FORMATION OF A LAYER OF THE SOVIET BUREAUCRACY

THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE HAS CHANGED: WHOLE GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS CHANGED THEIR PLACE IN ITS STRUCTURE

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The social status of the individual

Social status is the position of a person in society, occupied by him as a representative of a certain social group and including a certain set of rights and obligations.
Social status depends on:
- age,
- floor,
- origin,
- professions,
- marital status.

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The social status of the individual

prescribed status

achieved status

does not depend on the individual, it is given from birth (gender, race, age)
his family provides

depends on the personality, what a person becomes (education, profession)

SOCIAL SPHERE OF LIFE OF THE SOCIETY. PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON OF SOCIAL STUDIES. 8 CL. BAZ. LEVEL. SMIRNOV EVGENIY BORISOVICH.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL INEQUALITY. SOCIETY CONSISTS OF DIFFERENT GROUPS AND COMMONITIES LARGE SOCIAL COMMONITIES: CLASSES, SOCIAL LAYERS, STATES EVERY PERSON IS A PARTICIPANT OF ANY OF THESE SOCIAL GROUPS OR OCCURS INTERMEDIATE POSITION. WHICH GROUP DO YOU BELONG TO?

SOCIAL INEQUALITY. ALL THESE GROUPS HAVE DIFFERENT STATIONS IN SOCIETY AND UNEQUAL ACCESS TO SOCIAL BENEFITS. WHY? Social inequality Separate social groups have different opportunities in income, influence on power according to one of theories. Social inequality This is a natural inequality - allowing you to go up the most capable conflict theory, considers that the inequality is about the property .. among them THAT ATTITUDE TO PROPERTY IS NOT THE ONLY CRITERION OF SOCIAL GROUPS - EDUCATION, LIFESTYLE...

SOCIAL CHANGES IN SOVIET SOCIETY. A PERSON CAN TRANSITION FROM ONE SOCIAL GROUPS TO ANOTHER. BUT SUCH POSSIBILITY DRAFTLY INCREASES DURING REVOLUTIONS AND OTHER SHOCKS. WHOLE SOCIAL GROUPS CAN BE SHUT UP. THE REVOLUTION OF 1917 DISAPPEARED ENTIRE ESTATES AND GROUPS (NOBILITY, CLERGY, BOURGEOISIE) INCREASING THE WORKING CLASS AND REDUCING THE PEASANTRY. FORMATION OF A LAYER OF THE SOVIET BUREAUCRACY. THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE HAS CHANGED, WHOLE GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS CHANGED THEIR PLACE IN ITS STRUCTURE

MODERN STAGE OF SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT. CHANGES IN THE FORMS OF PROPERTY LEAD TO CHANGES IN THE STRUCTURE OF SOCIETY NEW SOCIAL GROUPS ARE FORMING: ENTREPRENEURS, FARMERS, ETC. ATTITUDE TO THESE PROCESSES IS DIFFERENT. THE WORKING CLASS, THE PEASANTS AND THE INTELLIGENTIA ARE OCCURRED. SOCIAL INSTABILITY

POSITION OF THE PERSON IN THE SOCIETY. SOCIAL STATUS. STATUS OF A PERSON IN SOCIETY: SOCIAL STATUS SOCIAL STATUS: SOCIAL ORIGIN, GENDER, NATIONALITY, EDUCATION, PROFESSION, ETC. SEX, AGE, SOCIAL ORIGIN DO NOT DEPEND ON THE PERSON -- A REGULATED STATUS. WHAT A PERSON ACHIEVES BY OWN EFFORTS: EDUCATION, WEALTH, QUALIFICATIONS, ETC. MAKE UP - STATUS ACHIEVED