The main problems arising in the oil and gas industry of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and possible ways to eliminate them. Construction and operation of ground infrastructure facilities. Compliance with high international standards of environmental and industrial safety

The main problems of the oil industry The Russian Federation revealed the crisis of 2009. According to the results of the beginning of the year, significant reductions occurred among the works aimed at long-term development. First of all, this concerns seismic and exploratory drilling. Row oil companies not only reduced the seismic research program, but also refused the contracts. The decline in physical volumes of the seismic market in 2009 is estimated at 20 - 25%. Similar problems arose not only for small companies, but also for large ones, for example, Tatneft. The volume of exploratory drilling was reduced by almost half, it was supported mainly by two companies - Rosneft and Surgutneftegaz. But, with the support of the state, some stabilization of the situation should be expected, improvements should occur at the expense of the state order.

The main region of oil production is still Western Siberia, where the main work is aimed at maintaining production volumes. The situation is similar in the Ural-Volga region, where the decline in production began even before the crisis. It is possible that projects for the development of heavy, high-viscosity oils will most likely be frozen due to high costs.

The processes in Eastern Siberia are going on especially painfully, since the formation of a mining region is just beginning there, a period of capital investments is underway. Drilling there is more expensive than in Western Siberia, the infrastructure is poorly developed. The main hope is for Gazprom, which owns an exploration tender in Yakutia.

The situation in the Timan-Pechora region is determined by the fact that the region has a significant potential for development, has convenient access to export routes. However, the main hydrocarbon reserves are located in hard-to-reach areas, including in the coastal zone or on the shelf. Many deposits require active additional exploration and preparation for work.

The crisis prevented plans for rapid development, oil industry companies faced the problem of lack of funds. They had to significantly reduce capacity and abandon modernization and expansion programs. The main survival factor during the crisis period was the preservation of basic capacities and competencies, diversification of the range of services, as well as the ability to reduce prices to a small extent while maintaining the quality of work and services.

To the main problems modern development relate:

1. Irrational subsoil use (low level of extraction of oil reserves) and unsatisfactory performance of most oil companies in the reproduction of the mineral resource base. The reproduction of the mineral resource base does not correspond to the objectives of the development of oil production.

2. Slowdown in growth and falling oil production. In 2006-2008 For the first time in recent years, there has been a trend towards a decrease in oil production levels.

3. Unsatisfactory solution of the problems of utilization and qualified use of associated petroleum gas (APG). The annual volume of APG flaring in Russia is about 20 billion m3. In the period from 2000 to 2008, the annual volume of emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere during the combustion of associated natural gas increased by 2.2 times, amounting in 2008 to 12% of the total annual emissions of pollutants in the country.

4. High degree of depreciation of fixed assets of the oil refining industry and low quality of oil products. Most Russian refineries have a high degree of depreciation of fixed assets (up to 80%). As mentioned above, not a single new large modern refinery has been built in Russia over the past 20 years (with the exception of the reconstruction of TAIF-NK OJSC). The refineries use obsolete, energy-intensive and environmentally imperfect technologies, in the technological scheme of oil refining there is a low share of deepening processes (catalytic cracking, hydrocracking, coking) and a low level of conversion of petroleum feedstock into more valuable refined products.

5. Low rates of application of new technologies and innovations. The significance of their use is determined by the increase in the share of hard-to-recover reserves (superviscous oils, natural bitumens) in the structure of the mineral resource base of the oil complex, the need to develop offshore fields and deep horizons in mature oil and gas provinces.

At the present stage, even in spite of the above mentioned problems, it can ensure the production of satisfactorily high-quality petroleum products, which are still noticeably inferior to the best world standards.

One of the most acute problems at Russian refineries is the rapid renewal and modernization of obsolete equipment, machines and individual processes, bringing them up to the modern world level. New technologies and new equipment are needed, the replacement of physically and morally obsolete technological processes to technically more advanced and environmentally cleaner non-waste processes of deep and complex processing of petroleum raw materials.

With considering key issues domestic oil refining needs to solve the following main tasks:

— a significant deepening of oil refining based on the introduction of low-waste technological processes for the production of high-quality environmentally friendly motor fuels from heavy oil residues as the most effective means of reducing its consumption;

— further improvement and optimization of the quality of petroleum products;

— further increase in the efficiency of technological processes and refineries due to the technical re-equipment of production facilities, improvement technological schemes, development and implementation of high-intensity resource- and energy-saving technologies, active and selective catalysts;

— outstripping development of the production of raw materials and petrochemicals;

— development of technology and increase in the volume of processing of gas condensates, natural gases and other alternative sources of hydrocarbon raw materials and motor fuels.

It will be implemented on the basis of consolidation of unit capacities, energy-technological combination of processes and complex automation using computers to ensure the required environmental safety of production. These directions are the general line of the technological policy of the oil refining and petrochemical industry in the country.

An important factor in the development of the oil industry development strategy is the transport infrastructure of the Russian oil complex. They include:

— the emergence of new oil production centers in the Caspian region and in the east of Russia (Eastern Siberia, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the shelf of Sakhalin Island) with a decrease in production in the traditional production areas of the European part of the country (Tataria, Bashkiria, the Caucasus);

— expediency of forming new export routes for Russian oil and oil products;

— the need to increase the capacity of oil loading terminals for offshore oil supplies for export;

— the need to have a reserve of oil transportation capacities to ensure the transit of oil through the Russian pipeline system.

The oil industry currently produces 12-14% industrial products, provides 17-18% of federal budget revenues and more than 35% of foreign exchange earnings. But over the last period there has been a sharp deterioration in the resource base of the Russian Federation. The share of hard-to-recover reserves has increased in the country, which has led to a decrease in production volumes. The main reasons for the deterioration of the state of the resource base are the natural depletion of the mineral resources and a sharp reduction in the volume of investments directed to this area of ​​activity. Deterioration and decline in oil production is predicted in the future. This is due to the fact that most of the wells are in the final stage, and new wells have small volumes of deposits. In this regard, the energy strategy developed by the Russian government is aimed at increasing investment in the oil industry. The main mode of transportation of oil and oil products is main pipelines, but their current age structure is unpromising, since more than 50% of the total length of main oil pipelines are over 20 years old. Lack of centralized funding and deficit own funds oil and petroleum products transportation organizations cause a sharp reduction in the rate of development of the system and the volume of work on the technical reconstruction of fixed assets. But it is important that the proposed program for the construction of new pipelines is aimed not only at the formation of export flows of oil and oil products to achieve the strategic goals of Russia, but also the formation and development of the domestic market for oil and oil products.

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production processing oil gas

PERSPECTIVESDEVELOPMENTOIL AND GAS ENTERPRISESATRUSSIAON THEEXAMPLEJSC " NKROSNEFT"

R 130109 SD VD 01 05 PZ

Fulfilled Art. gr.4Gd2-12

VK. Silantiev

checked

E.V. Rakhmanov

• annotation
• Geography
• resource base
• Exploration
• Oil production
• Gas production
• Recycling
• Export terminals
• Filling station network
• Corporate Governance
• Environmental Safety
• Science and innovation

annotation

Rosneft is the leader of the Russian oil industry and the largest public oil and gas corporation in the world. The main activities of OAO NK Rosneft are the search and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, the production of oil, gas, gas condensate, the implementation of projects for the development of offshore fields, the processing of extracted raw materials, the sale of oil, gas and products of their processing in Russia and abroad .

The company is listed strategic enterprises Russia. Its main shareholder (69.50% of shares) is OAO ROSNEFTEGAZ, 100% owned by the state. 19.75% is owned by BP, the remaining 10.75% of the shares are in free float.

Geography

The geography of Rosneft's activities in the exploration and production sector covers all the main oil and gas provinces of Russia: Western Siberia, Southern and Central Russia, Timan-Pechora, Eastern Siberia, the Far East, shelves Russian Federation, including the Arctic. The company also operates in Belarus, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, China, Vietnam, Mongolia, Germany, Italy, Norway, Algeria, Brazil, Venezuela and the United Arab Emirates, Canada and the United States (Gulf of Mexico).

9 large refineries and 4 mini-refineries of Rosneft are distributed throughout Russia from the Black Sea coast to the Far East and 7 refineries are located outside it (shares in 4 refineries in Germany, a stake in the Italian oil refinery Saras S. p. A and in Mozyr refinery in Belarus, as well as Lisichansk refinery in Ukraine), and the sales network covers 56 regions of Russia.

resource base

According to the results of an audit conducted by DeGolyer & MacNaughton under the SEC classification, which provides for an assessment before the end of the profitable development of fields, as of December 31, 2013, Rosneft's proven hydrocarbon reserves amounted to 33,014 million barrels. AD Including reserves of liquid hydrocarbons (oil, condensate, wide fraction of light hydrocarbons - NGL) amounted to 25,191 million barrels. (3,398 million tons), gas reserves - 46,941 billion cubic meters. feet (1,329 billion cubic meters).

DeGolyer & MacNaughton also audited Rosneft's PRMS reserves. As of December 31, 2013, proven reserves (1P) of hydrocarbons amounted to 41,771 million barrels. OE, including 30,782 million barrels. (4,161 million tons) of liquid hydrocarbons (oil, condensate, NGL) and 65,937 billion cubic meters. feet (1,867 billion cubic meters) of gas.

According to the results of the year, Rosneft's proven reserves of hydrocarbons amounted to 24 years, including 20 years for oil and 50 years for gas. Most of the reserves are classified as conventional, which makes it possible to effectively increase production.

The volume of proven reserves is largely based on the results of the development of existing fields, taking into account their geological and technological potential. At the same time, the Company is actively preparing for commercial development in 2016-2019 new large fields in Eastern and Western Siberia, including Suzunskoye, Tagulskoye, Lodochnoye, Yurubcheno-Tokhomskoye, Russkoye, Kynsko-Chaselskaya group. Also, the introduction of new technologies, in particular the drilling of wells with long horizontal wells by multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, will allow in the medium term to involve in the development of a significant amount of oil reserves, including hard-to-recover ones (shale oil). Thus, the potential of probable reserves, which make up more than 70% of the proven hydrocarbon reserves, will be confidently involved in the development.

As of December 31, 2013, the average estimate of the Company's prospective recoverable hydrocarbon resources was 339 billion barrels. AD (46 billion toe), which is almost 70% higher than the level at the end of 2012. The increase in resources is associated with exploration work at the Company's sites in the Kara Sea, the Laptev Sea, and the Black Sea, as well as with obtaining licenses in 2013 for new offshore areas in the Barents, Pechora, Kara, East Siberian, Chukchi and Laptev Seas.

Exploration

OAO NK Rosneft has the largest hydrocarbon resource base onshore and on the continental shelf. The Company's strategic priority is the systematic replacement of more than 100% of production with new reserves and the improvement of the quality of reserves.

Rosneft systematically increases investments in exploration. In 2013, investments in the Company's exploration work (as a share) amounted to RUB 83 billion. (21% of the work falls on the shelf, 19% on Eastern Siberia). This made it possible to complete 35 thousand linear meters. km of 2D seismic surveys (92% of the work is on the shelf, 2% in Eastern Siberia), 12 thousand sq. km of 3D seismic surveys (21% of the work is on the shelf, 16% in Eastern Siberia), drill and complete testing of 90 prospecting and exploration wells (13% in Eastern Siberia). As a result of the complex of geological exploration works, 6 deposits and 70 new deposits were discovered.

In 2013, Rosneft replaced more than 179% of oil and condensate production with new reserves (according to the SEC methodology), which is the best result among the largest international oil and gas companies. As of January 1, 2014, the Company's prospective oil and condensate resources within the Russian Federation amount to 46 billion toe. Compared to the 2012 estimate, prospective resources increased by 6.5 billion toe, mainly due to the acquisition of new blocks and the revaluation of blocks on the shelf of the Arctic seas.

Rosneft pays top priority to carrying out the optimal volume of exploration work and increasing their efficiency. Rosneft implements the bulk of exploration projects in the most promising oil and gas regions of Russia (Western and Eastern Siberia, the Volga region, and the shelf of the southern seas). In 2014, Rosneft continues effective additional exploration of mature fields and exploration activities in new areas of Eastern Siberia and the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District.

OAO NK Rosneft is a leader in the development of the Russian continental shelf. In 2013, the Company, together with partners, completed an unprecedented program of geological exploration in offshore areas, including 32.5 thousand line kilometers of 2D seismic and 2.6 thousand sq. km. km of 3D seismic, engineering and geological surveys for the preparation of 12 sites for exploratory drilling, and also acquired 19 new licenses for geological survey, exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the areas of the Arctic shelf, the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the South Seas. 46 licenses with a total volume of hydrocarbon resources exceeding 43 billion tons of oil equivalent.

Oil production

OAO NK Rosneft is the leader in the production of liquid hydrocarbons in the world. The company produces more than 40% of Russian oil and successfully implements a strategy for sustainable production growth, including through the introduction of the most modern technologies. Production of oil and liquid hydrocarbons increased by 72% and amounted to 4,196 thousand barrels. / day (organic growth 1%).

The Company has a unique portfolio of deposits in terms of the size of the reserves and their recovery potential. Oil production at mature fields was about 80%. In 2013, the mature fields of JSC Samaraneftegaz in the Volga-Urals region (2.9%), as well as new operating assets - the Vankorskoye field (17.8%) and the Verkhnechonskoye field (7%) in Eastern Siberia and Uvatskaya a group of deposits in the south of the Tyumen region (18.4%).

At the same time, the Company continued to implement measures to improve efficiency and control production operating costs, which in 2013 amounted to $4.3/bbl, which is the best unit indicator among public oil companies in the world.

In 2014, the Company's task is to further stabilize production at mature assets, to increase production at new fields as planned, and to prepare for the commissioning of new fields at the Vankor base.

Gas production

According to the results of 2013, Rosneft became the third largest gas producer in Russia, producing 38.17 bcm. ITERA, as well as with the implementation of programs for the rational use of associated petroleum gas at LLC RN-Yuganskneftegaz and CJSC Vankorneft and the implementation of effective geological and technical measures (GTM) for the gas well stock at LLC RN-Krasnodarneftegaz.

In 2013, prerequisites were created for further development of the Company's gas business through organic production growth. Thus, the Rospan project (development of the Vostochno-Urengoysky and Novo-Urengoysky license blocks) is actively developing, an integrated project for the development of gas deposits of the Kharampur field has been approved.

Gas sales in 2013 amounted to 39.1 bcm. m., including 24.0 billion cubic meters. m - in Western Siberia, 10.4 billion cubic meters. m - in the European part of Russia, 3.1 billion cubic meters. m - in the South of Russia, 0.5 billion cubic meters. m - in the Far East and 0.9 billion cubic meters. m - outside the Russian Federation. The total volume of sales compared to 2012 increased by 3.5 times due to the integration of new assets.

Rosneft has huge potential to further increase production due to the presence of a significant amount of reserves. The realization of the gas potential is one of the strategic tasks of Rosneft. The company plans to expand its presence in the gas market and is already actively developing this line of business by concluding long-term direct gas supply contracts with major consumers. By 2020, the Company plans to produce 100 billion cubic meters of gas per year, doubling its share of the domestic gas market (to about 20%).

Entering the LNG market is one of the options for monetizing Rosneft's gas reserves. Together with ExxonMobil, the Company launched a project for the production of liquefied natural gas(LNG) - "Far Eastern LNG" - for the purpose of efficient commercial use of gas reserves on the shelf of Sakhalin Island. The design capacity of the plant is 5 million tons per year with a possible expansion in the future, the launch is planned to be carried out in 2018-2019. Rosneft is considering various options for marketing the products of the future plant. The company has already contracted LNG volumes with Japanese companies Marubeni and Sodeco. Steady demand for LNG in Asia-Pacific countries guarantees Rosneft a stable market for this project. Part of the output of the future plant has been contracted by one of the world's largest traders, Vitol, which allows Rosneft to diversify possible risks on the global LNG market.

Currently, the Company is successfully implementing a program to increase the level of associated petroleum gas utilization up to 95%.

Recycling

In 2013, the Company's Russian and foreign refineries processed 90.1 million tons of oil, while processing in Russia accounted for almost a third of the total processing in the country. Rosneft's structure includes nine major oil refineries in Russia: Komsomolsk, Tuapsinsky, Kuibyshevsky, Novokuibyshevsky, Syzransky, Achinsk, Saratov Oil Refineries, the Ryazan Oil Refining Company and the Angarsk Petrochemical Company.

In Russia, the Company also owns four mini-refineries in Western and Eastern Siberia, Timan-Pechora and in the south of the European part of Russia with a total capacity of 0.6 million tons of oil per year, as well as a stake in the Strezhevsky mini-refinery in Western Siberia. In Germany, Rosneft owns stakes in four refineries with a capacity of 11.5 million tons (in the Company's share).

The Company is currently implementing a large-scale refining capacity upgrade program that will bring the refining depth to 81% and ensure compliance with the terms of the four-party agreements. In 2013, the Rosneft refinery continued to implement measures to fully switch to the production of petroleum products that meet the requirements of the Euro-5 environmental standard, increase the refining depth, improve the operational efficiency of oil refining, environmental and industrial safety. As a result of the modernization of oil refineries, the output of motor gasolines and diesel fuel of Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards at the Company's Russian refineries amounted to about 15 million tons.

The company is building a powerful oil refining center in the Russian Far East and Eastern Siberia to meet the region's growing demand for quality fuel at competitive prices and in sufficient quantity. Stable supplies of high-quality fuel to industrial consumers and the retail network of the region will create additional favorable conditions for economic development Russian Far East. As a result of a significant modernization of the capacities of the Komsomolsk, Achinsk refineries and the Angarsk petrochemical complex, as well as the development of the Eastern Petrochemical Company project, Rosneft will increase its competitiveness when exporting to the markets of the Asia-Pacific region.

Export terminals

A distinctive feature of Rosneft is its own export terminals in Tuapse, De-Kastri, Nakhodka, Arkhangelsk, which improves the planning process, helps to optimize costs and significantly increases the efficiency of exporting the Company's products. Rosneft is currently comprehensive programs their expansion and modernization in order to ensure that these capacities correspond to the planned export volumes.

Filling station network

One of the strategic tasks of Rosneft is to increase the volume of sales of its own products directly end user. To this end, the Company is developing a retail distribution network.

The main goal of the Company's sales activities is to increase the volume of sales of quality products with high added value directly to the end consumer. To achieve this goal, Rosneft is expanding its sales network, primarily in strategically important regions, systematically increasing the number of filling stations equipped with retail space, cafes, car washes and service stations.

The company owns one of the largest sales retail chains. As of December 31, 2013, the network of operating filling stations of the Company includes 2,627 own and leased stations, including 150 filling stations in Ukraine, 40 filling stations in the Republic of Belarus and 3 filling stations in Abkhazia. Own and leased gas stations have 1850 shops, 424 cafes and 207 car washes. At 91 gas stations there are stations for minor repairs and Maintenance cars. Every seventh car in Russia is refueled at the gas station / filling station of the sales network of Rosneft.

Rosneft Oil Company successfully competes in the retail market for petroleum products and the aviation fuel market. The company acquired additional refueling complexes at airports and expanded the customer base of the high-premium wing-to-wing channel (high-premium channel) by attracting large counterparties. As a result, jet fuel sales in 2013 almost doubled compared to 2012, and Rosneft is currently the market leader in jet fuel sales with a 34% share.

Corporate Governance

In implementing its development strategy, Rosneft aims to both increase the Company's shareholder value and achieve the highest management standards. The Company proceeds from the firm belief that these two goals are interrelated. A commitment to transparent and responsible business management is critical to maintaining investor confidence and ensuring that all of our shareholders get the best return on their investments over the long term.

System corporate governance Rosneft is committed to protecting the rights of shareholders, the successful and sustainable development of the Company, and ensuring that the Company's management makes effective and responsible decisions. Rosneft is continuously improving its corporate governance system in accordance with the principles of corporate governance generally recognized by the global economic community. The most significant assessment criteria effectiveness of the Company's corporate governance system are information openness, professionalism and management responsibility.

As part of the work to improve information transparency and openness, the Company pays priority attention to improving the efficiency of interaction with shareholders and investors. Telephones and e-mail boxes function on a permanent basis in Rosneft Oil Company for requests from shareholders and investors. A call-center for shareholders was organized, including a "hot" line. As part of its interaction with institutional investors and analysts, Rosneft holds regular presentations of its financial results according to IFRS, meetings in Russia and in the largest financial centers of the world, teleconferences.

Transparency of financial reporting is an important element of corporate governance. On February 1, 2013, Rosneft was the first among the world's largest oil and gas companies to publish its full audited consolidated financial statements under IFRS for 2012

One of the most compelling evidence of the application of strong corporate governance principles in practice is the composition of the Board of Directors and its committees. Members of the Board of Directors of OAO NK Rosneft are experienced leaders enjoying high authority in the business community. For more efficient consideration of issues at meetings of the Board of Directors, on many of the most important topics, recommendations are provided by the permanent Committees of the Board of Directors - the Committee for Personnel and Remuneration, Committee on strategic planning and the Audit Committee.

Environmental Safety

In the field of environmental protection, the Company pays special attention to preventive measures aimed at minimizing the negative impact on environment. Rosneft is implementing the Targeted Environmental Program for 2009-2014, aimed at modernizing environmental structures and equipment.

In connection with the intensification of the Company's work on the shelf in 2013, a deal was completed to establish LLC Arctic Science Center (ARC) jointly with ExxonMobil. At the initial stage, the Arctic Center will carry out work in such areas as security and environmental protection; ice, hydrometeorological and engineering-geological studies; preparation of recommendations in the field of ice management; development of design criteria; and evaluation and creation of field development concepts. The Arctic Center will use the existing developments of Rosneft and ExxonMobil to create environmentally friendly and more efficient technologies.

The strategic goal of Rosneft Oil Company is to achieve unconditional leadership in setting standards in the field of environmental protection in the Russian oil and gas industry, as well as their compliance with recognized international practices.

Science and innovation

OAO NK Rosneft is a leader in the process of qualitative modernization and innovative changes in the Russian oil and gas industry. The Company's efforts are aimed at developing the intellectual and technological potential of the industry on the basis of the strong foundation of the Russian oil and gas school - "one of the best in the world" - and in partnership with leading companies in the international oil business.

Technological leadership ensured innovative activities, which consists in the constant introduction the latest technologies and equipment, using the world's best practices, improving the quality of management and control over business processes, as well as continuously improving the competence of specialists. Rosneft is aware of the need for an innovative development path, actively accumulating scientific potential in close cooperation with industry research institutes, universities, small and medium-sized innovative enterprises in the industry.

Program innovative development NK "Rosneft" is the most important part of the concept of its development. Innovation is aimed at modernization production base, creation and implementation of new technologies to solve production tasks. These are reserves replenishment, an increase in the oil recovery factor, the fullest use of associated petroleum gas, the effective implementation of offshore projects, an increase in the depth of oil refining, an increase in energy efficiency, minimization of capital and operating costs, as well as ensuring environmental and industrial safety. Rosneft's Innovative Development Program is designed to respond to the global challenges it faces and ensure the achievement of its strategic goals.

The system of goals of the Innovative Development Program includes:

1. Ensuring the development of Rosneft Oil Company as a high-tech energy company.

2. Security technological leadership on core competencies Keywords: oil and gas production, oil refining.

3. Maintaining specific capital and operating costs at the level of the best global industry indicators.

4. Increasing the energy efficiency of production to achieve the best world level.

5. Compliance with high international standards of environmental and industrial safety.

Taking into account the results of the analysis of technological challenges facing the Company, 20 priority areas innovative research of Rosneft Oil Company:

1. Geological exploration and study of reservoirs;

2. Geology and field development;

3. Construction of wells;

4. Oil and gas production technologies;

5. Construction and operation of ground infrastructure facilities;

6. Non-traditional sources of hydrocarbons (viscous oils, Bazhenov, gas hydrates, oil from coal);

7. Non-hydrocarbon raw materials;

8. Shelves;

9. Information Technology"Upstream";

10. Oil refining technologies;

11. Petrochemical technologies, GTL;

12. Development of own catalysts;

13. Development of new oil refining products;

14. Processing of heavy oil residues;

15. Information technologies "Downstream";

16. Engineering support for the introduction of new technologies by corporate design institutes;

17. Energy saving;

18. Ecology;

19. Alternative energy;

20. Knowledge dissemination systems and corporate information technology.

In 2013, Rosneft continued its work to increase the Company's intellectual and technological advantage by financing the advanced developments of its own research and development center, supporting the activities of the country's leading scientific and educational universities, as well as creating joint research centers with progressive international companies.

In 2013, the Company spent RUB 148.1 billion on innovation activities, while R&D expenses amounted to RUB 23.2 billion. The number of patent applications securing the Company's intellectual property for inventions, utility models and software, amounted to 52 units, which is almost three times the number of patent applications filed in the previous year.

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Every year on February 8, the domestic scientific community celebrates its professional holiday - the Day Russian science, established by decree of the President of the Russian Federation in 1999.

NC "" actively develops its scientific potential in close cooperation with industry research institutes, universities, small and medium-sized innovative enterprises in the industry.

The current program of innovative development of NK "" is aimed at the creation and implementation of new technologies to solve production problems, the effective implementation of offshore projects, the modernization of the production base, the replenishment of reserves, the increase in the oil recovery factor, the rational use of associated petroleum gas, the increase in the depth of oil refining, the increase in energy efficiency, minimization of capital and operating costs, as well as ensuring environmental and industrial safety.

The company is actively replacing imported technologies in the process chain for the production of high-quality petroleum products. To date, all oil refineries of NK "" have made the transition to the use of catalysts only of domestic production at all catalytic cracking units.

In 2015, the specialists of the corporate research center of RN-TSIR LLC completed the development and production of pilot batches of domestic catalysts for the hydrotreatment and isodewaxing of diesel fractions, which ensure the production of high-quality summer, winter and arctic diesel fuels with an ultra-low sulfur content of Euro5 class, as well as catalysts for pre-hydrotreatment gasoline to involve in the process of catalytic reforming of gasoline fractions of secondary thermal processes in a mixture with straight-run raw materials. The promising product is characterized by high activity, improved strength characteristics and a long service life.

« » consolidated its leadership in the development of domestic GTL technologies(Gas-to-liquid). Scientists of the corporate research center have developed catalysts that allow efficient processing of natural and associated petroleum gas into synthetic hydrocarbons (synthetic oil). The catalysts have been successfully tested at the laboratory level and have already proven their high performance.

In addition, RN-TSIR has developed a technology and launched a pilot plant for the synthesis of a unique petrochemical catalyst, which allows you to create domestic polymer and composite materials, as well as new generation oils from previously unclaimed raw materials petrochemical industries. The technology is protected by Russian and international patents

The company is working to reduce addiction Russian market lubricants from imports. To this end, the Company's research center is developing technologies for obtaining high-index mineral and synthetic base oils to create finished oils in the premium segment, including for the production of lubricants for the Arctic. Along with this, scientists have developed a new line of highly refined mineral oils - white oils. Such oils can be used where high requirements are placed on the purity of the materials used, including in medicine, veterinary medicine, food, textile industry. In terms of their physicochemical and immunological parameters, they are significantly superior to imported counterparts, which is extremely important in the production of various biological products, in particular vaccines.

In order to improve the efficiency of the well stock and increase production volumes at the Samotlor field, in 2015, the specialists of NK "" carried out a 20-stage hydraulic fracturing for the first time in Russia. The implementation of the project will make it possible to drill out marginal zones, where reserves not involved in development are concentrated. Drilling and development of reserves in these zones has not been carried out so far due to their low efficiency.

Oil Company "" is not only the leader in oil production and refining in Russia, but also acts as a locomotive for the scientific study of the Arctic region. The expedition "Kara-winter-2015" has become the largest in the world over the past 20 years in terms of volume and scope of work.

As part of the Chukotka-summer-2015 research expedition, the Company almost completely restored the meteorological observation system in the Arctic. Now 7 modern meteorological stations of Rosneft operate in four seas of the Arctic Ocean.

Based on the results of the complex expeditions, NC "" has released a unique Atlas of hydrometeorological and ice conditions of the seas of the Russian Arctic, which has practically no analogues among both Russian and foreign geographical publications.

In development innovative solutions for the implementation of environmental programs, scientists of the biological faculty of Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, specifically for NK "", they developed a drug capable of decomposing oil and oil products at low (including negative) temperatures. The principle of operation of the drug is based on the use of cold-loving bacteria (psychrophilic microorganisms) capable of absorbing oil as a food substrate, turning pollution into carbon dioxide, water and the biomass of the bacteria themselves.

NC "" continues to develop strategic partnerships with the country's leading universities, research centers and institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as foreign scientific organizations. The company provides support to schools, universities, secondary vocational schools in all major regions of its production activities. The oil company takes care of those who will come to work in 5-10 years already today, forming a reliable personnel reserve in general education and vocational schools.

For several years, NC "" and its subsidiaries have been closely cooperating with 47 leading universities in the country, including Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov, Russian State University of Oil and Gas named after I.M. Gubkin, Far Eastern Federal University, etc.

The continuous influx of new technologies ensures cooperation with the Russian Academy of Sciences and the world's leading scientific centers.

Since 2011, when " " began to implement an innovative development program, the number of patents owned by the Company has more than doubled.

JSC "NK" congratulates all its employees and partners on the Day of Russian Science!

OJSC Rosneft is not only the leader of the Russian oil industry, but also the largest oil and gas company in the world. The activities of OJSC Rosneft are aimed at the search and exploration of hydrocarbon deposits, the production of oil, gas and gas condensate, the implementation of projects for the development of offshore fields, the processing of extracted raw materials, the sale of oil, gas and products of their processing in Russia and abroad. Karavaev V. Regional development and cooperation // International trade. - 2009. - No. 4. , P.251

The company is included in the list of strategic enterprises in Russia. Rosneft's main shareholder is ROSNEFTEGAZ, which owns almost 70% of the shares and is wholly owned by the state, 20% is owned by BP, and the remaining 10% is in free float.

OJSC Rosneft produces more than 40% of Russian oil. It carries out development by 12 enterprises located in Western and Eastern Siberia, Timan-Pechora, Central Russia, the southern part of the European part of Russia and the Far East. The company also owns a 20% stake in the Sakhalin-1 project, which is reported by Rosneft under the proportional consolidation method, and also produces oil and gas through four production joint ventures accounted for by the equity method: Tomskneft - 50, 0%, Udmurtneft - 49.54%, Polar Lights - 50.0% and Verkhnechonskneftegaz - 25.94%. Rosneft [ Electronic resource] URL: http://www.rosneft.ru/ (date of access: 15.04.2014)

Oil production.

Rosneft produces more than 40% of Russian oil and is successfully implementing a strategy for sustainable production growth, including through the introduction of state-of-the-art technologies. Production of oil and liquid hydrocarbons increased by 72% and amounted to 4,196 thousand barrels per day. (organic growth 1%).

The company has stabilized oil production at the largest enterprises in Western Siberia, including Samotlorneftegaz, Nizhnevartovsk, Varyoganneftegaz and Nyaganneftegaz. The efficiency of work at mature fields is primarily due to the use of new technologies that increase the oil recovery factor, including the massive introduction of horizontal wells with multi-stage hydraulic fracturing, sidetracking, waterflooding management, as well as simultaneous-separate production and injection. Samaraneftegaz achieved a 2.9% increase in liquid hydrocarbon production in 2013 due to the drilling of deposits discovered in licensed areas acquired in 2011-2012 and improved exploration efficiency through increased use of 3D seismic.

In 2013, production from new operating fields (Vankor, Verkhnechonskoye and Uvat group) accounted for 19% of total liquid hydrocarbon production.

At the same time, the Company continued to implement measures to improve efficiency and control production operating costs, which in 2013 amounted to $4.8/bbl, which is the best unit indicator among public oil companies in the world.

Gas production.

Following the results of 2013, Rosneft became the third largest gas producer in Russia Russia, producing 38.17 billion cubic meters. The record growth of gas production by more than two times is associated primarily with the integration of large gas assets as a result of the acquisition of TNK and the consolidation of NGK Itera. In 2013, prerequisites were created for further development of the Company's gas business through organic production growth. Thus, the Rospan project (development of the Vostochno-Urengoysky and Novo-Urengoysky license blocks) is actively developing, an integrated project for the development of gas deposits of the Kharampur field has been approved. In 2013, gas sales amounted to 39.07 bcm. m., including in Western Siberia - 24.02 billion cubic meters. m, in the European part of Russia - 10.42 billion cubic meters. m, as well as outside the Russian Federation - 0.94 billion cubic meters. m.

Rosneft has huge potential to further increase production due to the presence of a significant amount of reserves.

The realization of the gas potential is one of the strategic tasks of Rosneft. The company plans to expand its presence in the gas market and is already actively developing this line of business by concluding long-term direct gas supply contracts with major consumers. By 2020, the Company plans to produce 100 billion cubic meters of gas per year, doubling its share of the domestic gas market (to about 20%).

Entering the LNG market is one of the options for monetizing Rosneft's gas reserves. Together with ExxonMobil, the Company is considering the possibility of building a plant for the production of liquefied natural gas in the Far East with a capacity of 5 million tons per year. Rosneft is considering various options for marketing the products of the future plant. The company has already contracted LNG volumes with Japanese companies Marubeni and Sodeco. Steady demand for LNG in Asia-Pacific countries guarantees Rosneft a stable market for this project.

Part of the output of the future plant has been contracted by one of the world's largest traders, Vitol, which allows Rosneft to diversify possible risks in the global LNG trading market.

Currently, Rosneft is successfully implementing a program to increase the use of associated petroleum gas to 95%.

Recycling.

Rosneft accounts for more than 20% of Russian oil refining. On the territory of Russia, the Company owns 11 large oil refineries with a favorable geographical position. This makes it possible to significantly increase the efficiency of supplies of produced petroleum products. In addition, Rosneft owns stakes in or controls seven refineries outside the Russian Federation.

In 2013, the Company's Russian and foreign refineries processed more than 96 mmt of oil (1% organic growth). In 2013, the output of motor gasolines and diesel fuel of Euro-4 and Euro-5 standards amounted to 18 million tons.

Currently, Rosneft is implementing projects to expand and modernize its refineries in order to improve the balance between production and processing, as well as to increase the output of high-quality products with high added value that meet the latest environmental standards.

As part of the refinery modernization program, in October 2013, Russia's largest primary oil refining unit, AVT-12, was launched at Tuapse refinery with a capacity of 12 million tons per year. In the fourth quarter, the main large-capacity production equipment was delivered to the Komsomolsk Oil Refinery, Achinsk Oil Refinery, Novokuibyshev Oil Refinery, Kuibyshev Oil Refinery, Angarsk Oil and Gas Complex and Syzran Oil Refinery. The company successfully competes in the retail market of petroleum products and the aviation fuel market. The client base of the high-premium channel "into the wing" has been expanded by attracting new counterparties. At the end of 2013, the volume of deliveries under contracts with airlines increased to 67.8 billion rubles, which is 23% more than in 2012.

export terminals.

A distinctive feature of Rosneft is the presence of its own export terminals in Tuapse, De-Kastri, Nakhodka, Arkhangelsk, which can significantly increase the efficiency of exporting the Company's products. Rosneft is currently implementing comprehensive programs for their expansion and modernization to ensure that these capacities meet the planned export volumes.

Gas station network.

One of Rosneft's strategic goals is to increase sales of its own products directly to the end consumer. To this end, the Company is developing a retail distribution network.

The main goal of the Company's sales activities is to increase the volume of sales of quality products with high added value directly to the end consumer. To achieve this goal, Rosneft is expanding its sales network, primarily in strategically important regions, systematically increasing the number of filling stations equipped with retail space, cafes, car washes and service stations. The company owns one of the largest marketing retail chains. Today it is more than 2400 filling stations and complexes throughout Russia.

Environmental Safety

In the field of environmental protection, the Company pays special attention to preventive measures aimed at minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Rosneft is implementing the Targeted Environmental Program for 2009-2014, aimed at modernizing environmental structures and equipment. In connection with the intensification of the Company's work on the shelf in 2012, a program was formed environmental works for the Arctic Research Center of the Company, draft agreements on cooperation with the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, Roscosmos and the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation were prepared.

AT modern conditions level technological development is one of the main factors in the competitiveness of an oil company. Technological leadership is provided by innovative activity, which consists in the constant introduction of the latest technologies and equipment, the use of advanced world experience, improving the quality of management and control over business processes, as well as the continuous improvement of the competence of specialists. Rosneft is aware of the need for an innovative development path, actively accumulating scientific potential in close cooperation with industry research institutes, universities, small and medium-sized innovative enterprises in the industry.

The Rosneft Innovative Development Program is the most important part of its development concept. Innovations are aimed at modernizing the production base, creating and implementing new technologies to solve production problems. These are reserves replenishment, an increase in the oil recovery factor, the fullest use of associated petroleum gas, the effective implementation of offshore projects, an increase in the depth of oil refining, an increase in energy efficiency, minimization of capital and operating costs, as well as ensuring environmental and industrial safety. Rosneft's Innovative Development Program is designed to respond to the global challenges it faces and ensure the achievement of its strategic goals.

The system of goals of the Innovative Development Program includes: Rosneft [Electronic resource] URL: http://www.rosneft.ru/ (date of access: 15.04.2014)

1. Ensuring the development of Rosneft as a high-tech energy company.

2. Ensuring technological leadership in key competencies: oil and gas production, oil refining.

3. Maintaining specific capital and operating costs at the level of the best global industry indicators.

4. Increasing the energy efficiency of production to achieve the best world level.

5. Compliance with high international standards of environmental and industrial safety.

In 2013 - Rosneft and ExxonMobil signed final agreements on the establishment of the Arctic Research and Development Center and the exchange of technologies. The Arctic Center will provide a full range of research and engineering services.

In 2009 Rosneft was fined (by 5.3 billion rubles) for violating antimonopoly laws. The fine was imposed for abuse of a monopoly position in the wholesale market of petroleum products, which resulted in the withdrawal of goods from circulation, which led to an increase in prices in the wholesale segment of the petroleum products market, creating conditions for discrimination in the sale of petroleum products to certain counterparties. These actions led to higher prices in the wholesale markets for motor gasoline, diesel fuel and aviation kerosene in early 2009.

In 2011, Rosneft was again fined 1.8 billion rubles. for abusing a dominant position by setting and maintaining a monopolistically high price for diesel fuel and aviation kerosene in early 2011.

Role and purpose of oil and gas service

The concept of "oil and gas complex" (OGC), along with oil refining and other components, includes two major components: oil and gas production and oil and gas services.

The concept of "oil and gas complex" (OGC), along with oil refining and other components, includes two major components: oil and gas production and oil and gas services.

Both components are integral elements of a single technological cycle of the oil and gas industry. The problem is that in the vast majority of oil and gas producing countries of the world there is no necessary intellectual, technological and industrial potential to properly provide national production with their own high-tech service. Only three countries in the world have such potential: the USA, Russia and China. Therefore, the rest of the world is forced to turn to the services of companies in these countries and depend on them. It follows from this that Russia can and should play a significant role in ensuring global energy security, relying not only on the resource component, but also on its high intellectual and technological potential, embodied in service and oil and gas equipment.

Oil and gas service is a means of ensuring the energy and environmental security of the country. In the USA and China, mainly national companies are admitted to this type of work. This is due to the strategic importance for the country's security of the information obtained with its help on the state and prospects of the state's mineral resources (the results of geological exploration, seismic exploration, drilling, geophysical studies of wells on land and sea). The service provides the required level of oil and gas production and transportation (development design and field development, well repair, field automation, enhanced oil recovery, pipelines, construction of offshore platforms, etc.), is the information basis for environmental safety on land, sea and in the subsoil during production oil and gas.

Oil and gas service is one of the most important locomotives for transferring the country's economy from a raw-material orientation to the sphere of high technologies. The world market for oil and gas equipment and services is represented by high-tech, science-intensive and capital-intensive products, which are based on the achievements of the military-industrial complex. The close interaction of the oil and gas and defense complexes is mutually beneficial for both industries and the country's economy as a whole. It quickly moves away from raw material dependence. If the annual export of products of the military-industrial complex has reached the level of 5 billion dollars, then oil and gas services can generate revenue in the world market of 15-20 billion dollars / year (Fig. 1), and the export of oil and gas equipment can gradually gain a position in 5-10 billion dollars/year.

Oil and gas service is an effective tool for the implementation of the geopolitical and geo-economic goals of the state. The nationalization of the oil and gas industry in the Arab countries, Latin America, Africa and Asia has made many of these states dependent on foreign oil and gas services. US companies dominate here, which for various reasons is not always acceptable for these countries. The place of the former USSR in this market is now being actively and systematically developed by China. The return of Russia will not only expand the export of high-tech products, but also significantly strengthen the economic and geopolitical positions of our country.

Currently, three countries are world leaders in the development of oil and gas service equipment and technology: the USA, Russia and China (Fig. 2). These countries develop and manufacture the most complete range of oil and gas equipment, equipment, technologies and have the largest service and intellectual potential to perform work from prospecting and exploration of deposits to the most complete extraction of oil and gas reserves contained in them. Among the factors that determine the leadership of these countries in this area, the main ones are:

the presence of a large fuel and energy complex creates a need for new equipment and technology and serves as a testing ground for their development;
the presence of a developed military-industrial complex creates the prerequisites for technological leadership in the service through the use of the latest achievements of defense technology;
high level academic and sectoral science ensures the competitiveness of the equipment and services offered to the world market;
a developed system and a high level of education of the population reproduce the intellectual potential of leadership.

The most powerful oil and gas services and almost complete control of the global service market are owned by US companies (see Fig. 2), followed by Russia, whose oil and gas services in Soviet times independently managed to ensure record annual levels of oil production of 600 million tons and gas of 600 billion m3. In addition to his own country, he successfully worked in the CMEA countries, China, Vietnam, India, Iraq, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Cuba, Yugoslavia and others. The Chinese oil and gas service is the youngest and most intensively developing. He not only independently provides for the needs of the oil and gas industry of his country, but also actively strengthens his position on the world stage.

THE STATE OF THE OIL AND GAS SERVICE IN RUSSIA

In the former USSR, the state policy and management of oil and gas services were carried out by industry departments - the Minnefteprom, Mingeo and Mingazprom in accordance with the instructions of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the development of the fuel and energy complex of the country. Foreign economic activity in this area was regulated by the same bodies. The power of the oil and gas service was ensured by large investments in personnel training, domestic science, mechanical engineering and instrumentation, and technical equipment. The potential of the military-industrial complex was involved in solving complex problems. In the conditions of the Cold War and complete isolation from Western service, the oil and gas complex of the country not only had no problems in the field of service, but could also operate effectively, relying on its own service, in many countries of the world.

In the era of economic and political transformations, control and management of the development of oil and gas services by the state were lost, it was fragmented and weakened. In the 90s. in the Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation, for some time, the deputy minister with the appropriate apparatus was responsible for these problems. With the transformation into the Ministry of Industry and Energy of the Russian Federation, the issues of oil and gas services fell out of the ministry's field of vision. The principle of the liberals, erroneous for the transitional period, prevailed in the country and still has not been fully eliminated - the market will regulate everything itself.

The leaders of the American oil and gas service did not fail to take advantage of this, they had a unique opportunity not only to absorb the promising Russian market, but also to remove a potentially dangerous competitor from the world market. The technology of absorption of domestic service includes ideological and financial components. As an ideological basis for the redistribution of the service market, two theses are actively imposed on mining companies:

Oil and gas companies should get rid of "non-core service assets";
- Western service companies are carriers of high technologies.

The annual capacity of the Russian oil and gas service market is estimated at about 10 billion dollars, and the annual growth rate is about 20%. These figures will multiply if you add the construction of pipelines and the production of oil and gas equipment.

The results of the work carried out are impressive. Only Gazprom with Gazprom Neft, Tatneft and Surgutneftegaz have not been freed from "non-core assets". The service department of these companies is up-to-date, equipped with the best domestic and world equipment and technology, and fully satisfies the needs of their companies in the necessary types of service. Other oil companies such as Rosneft, LUKOIL, Yukos, TNK-BP got rid of their service assets (Fig. 4). To this should be added a significant number of enterprises that, after the liquidation of ministries, privatization and corporatization, were released into "free floating". Some of them adapted to work in a competitive environment and gradually began to integrate into more large companies(for example, ANEGA). For this type of company, the problem is the time factor. For 3-5 years from the moment of their inception, they were able to raise their revenue to 5-8 billion rubles, but it is difficult for them to compete in our market with Western companies with annual revenues of 15-17 billion dollars. and 50-70 years of history of evolutionary development. The other part, having lost the support of customer companies and the state, having no funds for technical re-equipment and technology improvement, either went bankrupt or drags out a miserable existence. At this point, the financial component came into play. Absorbing the best of these enterprises, the foreign service business thus increased its market share. Russian service. Thus, Petroalliance, Tyumenpromgeofizika, Siberian Service Company, Krasnoyarsk UGR, Geofit and others became part of Schlumberger. Baker Hughes acquired shares in OAO Orenburgneftegeofizika. Established with funds from Western investment funds, Integra-Management bought up the assets of a number of drilling, geophysical and well workover companies, a plant for the production of drilling rigs at Uralmash, VNIIBT, the leading institute for drilling equipment.

Oil and gas companies, after being freed from "non-core assets", relieved themselves of responsibility for ensuring the competitiveness and viability of domestic service, and lost interest in its development. Relations between Russian oil and service companies have become so commercialized that mutual support, partnership, consideration of national interests, so characteristic of Russians, have faded into the background.

The example of the geophysical sector shows how high the rate of absorption of the Russian market by companies with foreign capital is (Fig. 5, see Fig. 4). A similar trend is typical for other segments of the service market. In the drilling, GIS and seismic sectors, the share of companies with foreign capital by the beginning of 2006 reached 48%, 31%, and 13%, respectively. In general, the foreign presence in the service market of Russia exceeded 30%.

The second argument is only partly true, since many of the Western high technologies that have appeared on our market are of Russian origin and are offered by domestic companies.

A negative role in reducing the competitiveness of the domestic service was played by the complete cessation of R&D funding from both the state and oil and gas companies. This largely led to the destruction of the network of industrial research institutes and design bureaus that existed in the former USSR, a significant outflow of highly qualified scientists and specialists abroad, mainly to the United States. Service companies, due to their fragmentation and bloodlessness, cannot allocate the necessary funds for these purposes. An exception is the company ANEGA, which conducts Scientific research, partially financed by the company, and has its own instrumentation, which meets the needs for new equipment and technology not only for its own, but also for other domestic and foreign companies. American service companies in Russia demonstrate a different strategy in the intellectual sphere. They have created their own research centers at Moscow State University ("Schlumberger") and the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences ("Schlumberger", "Baker Hughes"), select and finance the training of talented young people in the country's leading universities.

Of particular concern is the situation around the prospects for the development of the Russian shelf. The domestic geophysical service is not allowed to solve these problems. In the Caspian, Sakhalin, and northern seas "Schlumberger", "Halliburton" and "Baker Hughes" dominate.

The result of such a development of events was the accelerated absorption of the Russian market by American companies, the rise in prices for services and the aggravation of environmental problems. Meanwhile, the experience of Gazprom, Surgutneftegaz, Tatneft and ANEGA shows that Russian service in the market has learned to independently meet the needs of its oil and gas companies.

There is no state policy in the field of oil and gas services in Russia.
There is a real threat of absorption of the domestic service market by companies with foreign capital.
The Russian service is losing both the market of the CIS countries and the world market.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE OF THE OIL AND GAS SERVICE IN THE USA AND CHINA

In the US, oil and gas services are the responsibility of the Department of Energy. The functions of this department include monitoring the current situation in the fuel and energy sector in the country and the world. The US authorities are implementing a policy that ensures full control by US companies of the domestic oil and gas service market. As far as the world arena is concerned, the protection of the interests of the American oil and gas service is provided by all the economic, political and diplomatic means available to the United States. The Ministry pays great attention to the development of a competitive environment in the service, support for small service and instrument-making companies, financing innovative projects, providing the world leadership of American companies in this business.

Oil and gas services in the USA are carried out mainly by American companies, among which "Schlumberger", "Halliburton", "Baker Hughes" and "Weatherford" are in the lead. For more than 60 years of their existence, they have grown to the world's largest transnational companies with an annual turnover of 15-20 billion dollars. The business structure of American companies is diversified and covers many types of services. The development of the world market took place in close alliance with American oil and gas corporations. But unlike them, the process of nationalization of the oil and gas industries, which is observed in many oil and gas producing countries of the world, has not led to a weakening of the positions of the American service in these countries, since the latter do not have the appropriate scientific and technical potential to create their own service. Currently, divisions of American companies operate in almost all countries of the world that carry out work on oil and gas (see Fig. 2). Global leadership is ensured by significant investments in R&D (Schlumberger alone spends more than 350 million dollars a year for this purpose), the use of high-tech machine-building and instrument-making capacities, attracting talented specialists from around the world, effective management and aggressive marketing. Oil and gas engineering and service companies play a significant role in solving the problems of the American military-industrial complex. In a concentrated form, this leadership is embodied in the creation of service equipment and technology, primarily for the development of oil and gas resources on the shelf. It is no coincidence that the recovery from the bottom of the sea of ​​the sunken nuclear submarine "Kursk" was only possible American company"Halliburton" - leading in the field of oil and gas services. Lobbying for the interests of the American service is carried out at the highest level. Suffice it to name US Vice President D. Cheney, who for many years was in the management of Halliburton.

China's state policy to reform, protect the interests of the Chinese oil and gas service and improve its competitiveness is developed and implemented by the China National Petroleum Corporation. When China joined the WTO, the country's leadership had to solve two problems:

Protect the domestic service market from being taken over by foreign companies;
- to ensure a worthy place for Chinese companies in the global oil and gas service market.

To this end, when joining the WTO, a 7-year term was agreed upon for restrictive quotas for foreign service companies to access the Chinese market. During this period, the oil and gas complex was radically reformed (Fig. 6). Small disparate oil and gas service enterprises were consolidated and incorporated into oil and gas corporations and companies: Petro China, SINOPEC, China National Offshore Oil Corporation. The most powerful Chinese service is represented in the "China National Petroleum Corporation". Two groups of service companies are concentrated here, one of which provides the needs of the domestic market, the other is focused only on serving the world market. China has not succumbed to the temptation to "free oil companies from non-core assets." To ensure the competitiveness of the service, the state and oil and gas companies have invested and continue to finance training, research and development, the acquisition of the best samples of Western and Russian equipment and technologies, followed by the development of the production of analogues by high-tech enterprises, including the defense complex. Chinese oil and gas companies in tenders for services always give preference to national service. The exception is one-time work foreign companies with the latest technology that China does not yet own.

So in China, the solution of the first task was provided, which made it possible to limit the share of the presence of foreign services in the Chinese market at the level of 2-3%. Particularly noteworthy is China's success in the development of equipment and technology for the development of the shelf. Marine seismic, logging, drilling companies that are part of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) are equipped with the most modern technology and technology, and not only fully meet their national needs, but also entered the world market. Starting positions in China's development of marine equipment and oil and gas service technology were implemented by American companies, and further development is provided by CNOOC's own research and production complex. The Academy of the Chinese Navy is involved in solving the most complex problems.

As for the second task, at present, the Chinese oil and gas service successfully competes with American service companies onshore and offshore in more than 25 countries of the world, including Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Arab countries, Africa, Central and South America, countries of the Asia-Pacific economic space. China's experience in creating directly in the United States Chinese companies for the development, production and subsequent delivery to the homeland of the most high-tech equipment for oil and gas services is interesting. In Russia, the Chinese service is represented by the seismic company Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting, which has begun seismic exploration in Western Siberia.

Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn.

The US and Chinese oil and gas service markets are controlled primarily by their domestic companies.
The government of the United States and China ensures the protection and support of the interests of their service companies in the domestic and global markets.
The global oil and gas service market is mainly controlled by US companies.

DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT OF OIL AND GAS SERVICE IN RUSSIA

Increasing the role of Russia in ensuring global energy security is associated with solving the most complex problems of exploration, development and development of oil and gas fields in the European part of Russia, Western and Eastern Siberia, the Far East, the shelf of the northern, eastern and southern seas. Within the framework of the CIS, it is possible to strengthen cooperation with adjacent states in the development of the resources of the Caspian Sea, the continental deposits of Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan. Taking into account the emerging favorable geopolitical situation, it is possible to expand Russia's cooperation in the oil and gas sector with the Arab states, countries Latin America, Africa and Southeast Asia. The Russian oil and gas service can and should play an important role in realizing all these opportunities.

The state policy in the field of oil and gas service should be focused on the creation and support of several large domestic oil and gas service corporations, equipped with modern equipment and technology, competing with each other in the domestic market and implementing their own marketing strategy in the world market. Some of them should remain part of the oil and gas companies, but with the right to serve third-party customers in the domestic and international markets. Another part can be created on the basis of the consolidation of public and private service assets.

In connection with the great prospects for the development of hydrocarbon resources of the Russian shelf, the Government of the Russian Federation is considering the creation of national corporations for geological exploration and oil and gas production in the adjacent seas. When creating an oil and gas producing corporation, it is necessary to provide for the organization of a service company that provides the entire cycle of marine services from geophysical exploration of wells, drilling of wells, field development to environmental monitoring of the environment. This company may have the status of a subsidiary of a marine corporation (as is done in China) and, in addition to working in Russia, must seek an application for its capabilities in the global market.

The share of foreign service in Russia on land and sea should be reduced to 3-5%. It is not difficult to implement this if Russian oil and gas companies, other things being equal, give preference to Russian oil and gas service companies in tenders. As the volume of foreign service in domestic service companies decreases, the influx of Russian specialists who have gained good experience in first-class Western companies will increase. In the global service market, Russia should raise its revenue to 15-20 billion dollars a year.

To achieve these goals, it will be necessary to significantly expand funding by the state and oil and gas companies for research and development to create the latest equipment and technology for oil and gas services on land and offshore. It will be necessary to revive on a new basis the research institutes and design bureaus that served this business, and to connect the corresponding potential of the military-industrial complex. The state should help machine-building enterprises to re-equip production and master the production of the latest types of equipment, ground and offshore oil and gas equipment both for the internal needs of the Russian oil and gas complex, and to expand exports of high-tech products to the level of 5-7 billion dollars / year. This will make the country's economy less dependent on primary industries.

In order to implement the proposed policy,

1. Determine the state body responsible for the control and development of the domestic oil and gas service, which should be entrusted with the development and implementation of a program to strengthen the positions of the Russian oil and gas service in the domestic and global service markets. It is necessary that this state structure has the appropriate rights and financial means to solve the tasks set.

2. In parallel with the creation of an offshore oil corporation for the development of the Russian shelf, provide for the creation of a domestic oil and gas service corporation (conditionally "Shelfneftegazservis"), which in the future should actively enter the world service market.

3. Establish a state specialized corporation for oil and gas services abroad and the export of Russian oil and gas equipment (Rosneftegazservis) and gradually increase its revenue to 20-25 billion dollars a year.

4. The oil and gas companies "Gazprom", "Gazpromneft", "Rosneft", "Surgutneftegaz", "Tatneft" should be recommended to further strengthen and equip their service departments with advanced equipment and technology. This service, along with ANEGA and other domestic service companies, should meet the needs of the domestic and partially foreign markets.

5. Develop and implement a state program for the technical re-equipment of the oil and gas service, strengthening R&D and equipping machine-building and instrument-making facilities with modern technological equipment with the involvement of financial resources from both the state budget and Russian oil and gas companies.

6. To intensify work on harmonization of Russian and international standards in the field of oil and gas services, which will facilitate the entry of Russian services into the world market.